Темы англійської для здачі экзамена

|My Family |` |Моя сім'я | | | | | |Family is the most precious thing for me, because | |Сім'я — це найбільш цінна річ мені оскільки | |this is where I find love & understanding, & | |там я знаходжу любов, розуміння і. | |support. | |Наша сім'я цілком велика по нинішнім стандартам. | |Our family is quite large by modern | |Воно складається з чотирьох людина — моїх, | |standards. | |моєї молодшої сестри й мене. | |It consists of four people — my parents, my | |Мої батьки цілком молоді: близько 35, і мій сестра | |younger sister & me. | |чотири роки молодший, чому. | |My parents are quite young, about 35, & my sister | |Мій тато штурман. | |is four years younger then me. | |Він витрачає багато свого часу на роботі, тому | |My father is a civil navigator. | |час, що він вдома ввечері, особливе, для моєї | |He spends most of his time at work, so the time | |сестри й мене. | |when he is home in the evening is something special| |Моя мама вчитель, тому в неї є більше | |for my sister & me. | |вільного часу, ніж татова. | |My mother is a teacher, & she has more time to | |Ми ділимося нашими проблемами і секретами з ними | |spare than my father. | |часто дають нам добра порада. | |We share our problems & secrets with them, & they | |По дому часто є багато, але ми хочемо | |often give very good advice. | |допомагати із домашніми справами, і робиться швидко і| |There' p. s often a lot to do about the house, but we | |ефективно. | |are always willing to help with the chores, & | |Найбільше люблю пізній обід чи ранній вечерю, | |everything is done quickly & efficiently. | |коли ми збираємося навколо столу" й світло кухонної| |Most of all I like our late dinners or early | |лампи створює атмосферу відпочинку і тепла. | |suppers, when we all gather round the table, & the | |Ми розмовляємо і жартуємо, і забавляємося, оскільки | |light of the kitchen lamp creates a relaxed & cosy | |ми всі друзі. | |atmosphere. | |Неділі також дуже хороші. | |We talk, & joke, & have fun, because we are | |Якщо погода ясна, ми йдемо кататися на лижах в | |all friends. | |лісі - взимку чи нашу дачу — влітку. | |Sundays are also very nice. | |Фактично, це маленький будиночок на маленькому ділянці | |If the weather is fine, we go skiing in the forest| |землі, але дуже любимо його & любимо працювати у | |in winter, or to our ‘dacha' in summer. | |саду, саджаючи, капаючи, збираючи суницю і помідори. | |In fact, it’s just a small cottage on a small plot | |Але, коли б запитали наше сімейному хобі,| |of land, but we like it a lot, & like to work in | |то б назвала — читання. | |the garden, planting, digging, gathering | |Читання — це чудова комбінація справи і | |strawberries & tomatoes. | |задоволення, інтелектуальної праці і розваги.| |But, if I were asked about our family hobby, I | | | |would name reading. | |Це все. Я щаслива мати таку люблячу і | |Reading is a perfect combination of business & | |дружелюбну сім'ю і, в мене буде своя | |pleasure, of intellectual work & entertainment. | |його сім'я, я постараюся створити її в тієї ж| |That's about all. I’m lucky to have such a loving &| |засадах. | |friendly family, & when I have a family of my own, | | | |I will try to make it work on the same lines. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Me & My plans for the future. | | | | | | | |Finishing school is the beginning of the | | | |independent life for millions of schools leavers. | | | | | | | |Many roads are opened before us: vocational & | | | |technical school, institutes & universities. | | | |But, it’s not an easy thing to choose a profession | | | |out of more than 2,000 existing in the world. | | | |Some pupils follow the advice of their parents or | | | |friends, others can’t decide even after leaving the| | | |school. | | | |As for me I made my choice long ago. | | | |I specialize in the humanities. | | | |Social Sciences & English have always been my | | | |favorites, but my chief interest is law. | | | |My dream has always been to become a lawyer. | | | |My choice of this occupation didn’t come as a | | | |sudden flash. | | | |As a child, I listened to my aunt & uncle | | | |discussing professional matters. | | | |Little by little, I got interested in the subject &| | | |began thinking of law as my prospective occupation.| | | | | | | |For me, choosing a career is not only a matter of | | | |future prestige & wealth. | | | |In my opinion, a job should be interesting & | | | |socially important. | | | |That is the reason why I have chosen the profession| | | |of a lawyer, which gives plenty of opportunities to| | | |help people in trouble. | | | |In addition I should say, whatever profession I | | | |choose to follow, the greatest pleasure will surely| | | |come from feeling that I am useful to my country. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Country that I want to visit. | | | |I haven’t been to Great Britain yet, & I’d like to | | | |visit this country very much, because I like the | | | |English language, & I' m curious to learn about | | | |everyday life of the people who speak this | | | |beautiful language, & just see the sights. | | | |Here's what I know about this country so far. | | | |The full official name of the country is the United| | | |Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland. | | | |It is a constitutional monarchy — the nominal head | | | |of state is Queen Elizabeth the Second, but the | | | |real law-making body is the Parliament, consisting | | | |of two Chambers, the House of Commons & the House | | | |of Lords. | | | |The royal family is preserved as a kind of a | | | |tourist attraction. | | | |The country is situated on the British Isles, which| | | |lie off the north-west of Europe. | | | |They are separated from the continent by the | | | |English Channel, better known by its French name — | | | |La Manche. | | | |Now, there is a tunnel under the Channel, | | | |efficiently binding Great Britain & the continent. | | | |The climate is rather mild, influenced by the Gulf | | | |Stream, & famous English lawns & gardens are of | | | |some special shade of green. | | | |The UK is a very highly developed industrial | | | |country, with such branches of industry as | | | |ship-building, manufacturing of textiles, | | | |machinery, electrical & electronic equipment, & | | | |many others. | | | |The population of the UK is about 55 million | | | |people. | | | |There are two major political parties in the UK, | | | |Labour & Conservative. | | | |The Conservative are in office now. | | | |I know a lot more about the UK, but this | | | |information has been taken from books & mass media.| | | | | | | |I'd like to visit the country & see everything for | | | |myself. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |My hobby | | | |People get a kick out of doing most extraordinary | | | |things. | | | |The most widespread hobby is collecting. | | | |I can’t say that I’m really mad about this or that | | | |kind of leisure activity. | | | |I tried collecting stamps, they are so nice & | | | |informative. | | | |But gradually my interest just faded away, & I gave| | | |my collection to my friend for his birthday. | | | |Then I moved on to collecting recordings of the pop| | | |groups I liked, but after a while it seemed | | | |pointless because music radio stations play old & | | | |new hits all the time. | | | |I go on doing it, but I wouldn’t call it a hobby. | | | |I like dancing at some club or disco, but it’s just| | | |a way of spending time, not a hobby really. | | | |Best of all I like reading. | | | |It's a very quiet occupation, & it does not require| | | |any particular skill or ability. | | | |But that’s what gives me the greatest pleasure. | | | |I enjoy reading all kinds of books — historical | | | |novels, travelogues, biographies, novels, science | | | |fiction, detective stories, poetry, etc. | | | |Someone said that reading to the mind is what | | | |exercise is to the body. | | | |Books can’t be replaced by all the mass media in | | | |the world. | | | |Reading is a perfect combination of business & | | | |pleasure, of intellectual work & entertainment. | | | |So, frankly speaking reading is my hobby. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Ekaterinburg | | | |E is one of most wonderful & interesting cities in | | | |Russia. | | | |It's the capital of Urals, & it is dear to the | | | |hearts of our citizens. | | | |It had a rich history, & when you walk along the | | | |quiet streets of old E | | | |You can feel the past everywhere. | | | |The sights of E are countless, so I will mention | | | |only my favourites ones. | | | |I like to walk window-shopping down Main Avenue, | | | |glittering & full of hurrying passers-by. | | | |I like to sit on a bench near the monument to Popov| | | |- I like the monument itself, but even more I like | | | |to watch the people passing by, & people that are | | | |waiting for their dates. | | | |E is a cultural centre. | | | |There are many theatres, picture galleries, film & | | | |sound recording studios. | | | |Most interesting cultural events, shows, | | | |exhibitions take place in E. | | | |E, of course, is an educational, scientific & | | | |industrial centre. | | | |There are a lot of enterprises producing a wide | | | |range of goods, such as machines mechanizms & so | | | |on. | | | |What I like most about E is the pulse of life, of | | | |change, of movement. | | | |E is the place where things are happening in all | | | |spheres of human activity — it’s the heart of | | | |Urals, full of energy. | | | |I just love this city. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |My school. | | | |There are many different types of school in our | | | |country nowspecialised school, gumnasiums, | | | |lucees, colleges, private school. | | | |They offer different curricula, & you can choose | | | |the subjects you need. | | | |Our school is secondary school, & it is quite good.| | | | | | | |All in all, it is quite comfortable for studying. | | | |The classrooms are well-equipped, there are | | | |chemistry & physics labs, a language lab with tape | | | |recorders, headphones & mikes. | | | |The teachers are very knowledgeable, & the lessons | | | |were always interesting. | | | |So we have everything at our disposal, we only have| | | |to study. | | | |And we study hard, especially in the senior forms. | | | |I'm interesting both in natural sciences & the | | | |humanities, as I believe a person should have a | | | |broad general education. | | | |Beside the school building there is a stadium. | | | |We have football matches & all kinds of | | | |competitions there. | | | |Naturally, it isn’t just all work & no fun. | | | |We have a rock band, & often organise dancing | | | |parties with flashing lights & everything. | | | |We have different contests, including the one | | | |between teams of witty persons. | | | |Some of the jokes are quite funny. | | | |There is an amateur drama company, & they often | | | |stage short sketches by humorist writers. | | | |So, our school life is rather eventful & active, | | | |leaving no time for bedroom. | | | |I like my school & I ‘m going to miss my | | | |classmates, the easygoing atmosphere, & all the fun| | | |we have. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |My Working Day. | | | |A person’s schedule depends on his or her type of | | | |activity, & is organised accordingly. | | | |It is rather flexible, & can be change any time, if| | | |necessary. | | | |I will try to give you a snapshot of a typical day | | | |in my life as a school student. | | | |The shrill ringing of an alarm-clock wakes me up at| | | |half past six. | | | |I do not jump out of bed, but daydream for about 5 | | | |minutes more. | | | |Then I do jump out, & keep jumping, pushing up, | | | |sitting up, & generally warming up for about 20 | | | |minutes. | | | |Then a quick shower, & a very light breakfast — I | | | |just can’t make myself eat much in the morning. | | | |So, it’s a soft-boiled egg, a toast, & a cup of tea| | | |or coffee. | | | |Then off to school. | | | |It's the usual routine of classes & breaks, a | | | |longer break at 11 a. m. for lunch, & school is | | | |over at 1 or 2 p. m., depending on the number of | | | |classes. | | | |Sometimes I stay at school till 3 p. m. for some | | | |optional class or something extra-curriculum. | | | |Then I’m home, & it’s dinner, if I may call it so. | | | |My folks are both at work, so left to my own | | | |devices I have what I manage to find in the fridge.| | | | | | | |Then I fool around for an hour or so browsing in | | | |some magazine or a book, or listening to some quiet| | | |music. | | | |After that I’m ready for the most important part of| | | |my day, my work actually. | | | |I study, I dig up information, I solve tasks, find | | | |answers to question — do my homework. | | | |By 8 p. m. I feel tired. | | | |Fortunately, by that time folks have arrived, & we | | | |eat. | | | |That is the only proper meal of the day for me, & | | | |the only time to talk with my parents. | | | |Then an hour or more of study, some TV, & by 12 p. | | | |m. I’m in bed. | | | |Sometimes I have to stay up late, if I have some | | | |difficult task to solve. | | | |So this is it, in a nutshell. | | | |Not very eventful, but it’s a working day, isn’t | | | |it? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Russia. | | | |We are living in a rapidly changing, multinational | | | |& multicultural world. | | | |Barriers keep falling, people & cultures mix, but | | | |one thing remains basic & dear to my heart — my | | | |homeland, Russia. | | | |No one can deny that it is a great country in all | | | |senses of the world, with its area of 17,1 million | | | |square kilometres, & the population of 150 million | | | |people. | | | |It spans two parts of the world, Europe & Asia, | | | |serving as a bridge between them. | | | |It is washed by the seas of the Arctic & Pacific | | | |Oceans. | | | |The variety of climatic zones it the north down to | | | |the subtropics in the south. | | | |It has immense natural resources, such as coal, оіл| | | |& gas, all kinds of mineral deposits, great forests| | | |& rivers, it has everything. | | | |There are many branches of industry in Russia — | | | |machine-building, steel production, chemical & | | | |electronic industries, & numerous others. | | | |Unfortunately, agriculture is in a rather poor | | | |state, & we have to import foodstuffs, & even | | | |wheat. | | | |The potential of Russia & its people is great, & | | | |with reasonable economic mechanisms & laws the | | | |country will overcome the present difficulties, & | | | |will occupy the place it deserves in the world | | | |community. | | | |The cultural heritage of Russia is rich & varied/ | | | |The names of Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikovsky are | | | |known all over the world/ | | | |Russia's history, like that of any other great | | | |country, is full of glory & blood. | | | |Russia twice saved Europe from the Dark Age — | | | |stopping the Tartars, & crushing the German | | | |fascists. | | | |I'm proud of my country, I love Russia, my | | | |motherland, & will do the best I can to improve its| | | |economic & political situation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |An Outstanding Person of Russia. | | | |Russia gave birth to many wonderful people, who | | | |made great contributions to all fields of human | | | |activity, such as science, art, various | | | |discoveries, & so on. | | | |The world knows our composers, ballet dancers, | | | |writers. | | | |As for me, I think one of the greatest men, who | | | |influenced Russian & world culture, was Alexander | | | |Pushkin. | | | |I believe that in his prose & poetry he actually | | | |created the modern Russian language, the language | | | |we use today. | | | |He was born a nobelman & lived a life of a | | | |nobelman. | | | |He studied at an exclusive school, lycee. | | | |He visited all those balls, & parties, & receptions| | | |at court. | | | |But he managed to feel & know the souls of ordinary| | | |Russian people of all walks of life. | | | |His power of observation was so great, that in his | | | |works he drew a comprehensive picture of life in | | | |Russia at that time. | | | |It's a strange phenomenon that poets do not live | | | |long. | | | |I think that is because the candle burns so | | | |brightly & so fast. | | | |Pushkin was killed at the age of 37 at a duel that | | | |was a result of intrigue & scandal connected with | | | |the name of his wife. | | | |But poets do not die. | | | |If you asked Russian people who their favourite | | | |poets is, most would answer «Pushkin». | | | |Small kids learn to read using his fairy tales, & | | | |this admiration of his poetry just stays on. | | | |His works are read & enjoyed by all those who love | | | |the Russian language & Russia. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Sport. | | | |Sport is, or rather should be, an important part of| | | |everyone's life. | | | |Here we should distinguish between big-time sport &| | | |just keeping fit. | | | |We can’t all be professional athletes, but we | | | |should pay attention to out bodies. | | | |Our body needs exercise just as it needs food. | | | |Everyone chooses physical according to one’s | | | |tastes. | | | |Some people just jog. | | | |Others prefer more active kind of exercise, such as| | | |football, basketball, volleyball, martial arts. | | | |Tennis has become very popular, & it really is a | | | |good workout for all groups of muscles. | | | |Fitness centres, body building & shaping gyms are | | | |full of pumping iron. | | | |There are some specific British & American sports | | | |that are rather interesting — golf, cricket, | | | |baseball, American football. | | | |Tastes differ, but one thing is for sure — if you | | | |want to be healthy & fit, you can’t do without | | | |sport. | | | |I start every day with a half hour of exercise — | | | |push ups, sit ups, chin ups, warming up all my | | | |muscles. | | | |Then a quick shower, & I feel as fit as a fiddle. | | | |Twice a week I have a two-hour workout in a gum on | | | |various training devices & just lifting weights. | | | |Once a week I visit a swimming pool. | | | |It's enough for me to feel fit. | | | |Of course I would like to take up Alpine skiing or | | | |para-gliding, but I have neither time nor equipment| | | |for that. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Holidays. | | | |Every family has its own holidays, connected with | | | |some great events in its history. | | | |For ordinary people holidays are mostly the chance | | | |to relax & have a good time. | | | |There are some almost universal holidays, such as | | | |Christmas & New Year. | | | |We've got 2 favourite holidays New Year & Easter. | | | |The New Year is noisy & festive. | | | |Christmas trees are decorated with tinsel, toys, & | | | |strings of colored light bulbs. | | | |Children put stockings under the trees for Santa | | | |Claus to fill them up with gifts. | | | |It's a family occasion — the whole family usually | | | |gathers, gifts are exchanged. | | | |There are parties, dancing, champagne drinking, | | | |fireworks & firecrackers. | | | |At midnight everyone at a party stops whatever they| | | |are doing to greet the New Year. | | | |It's the most colorful & merry of all holidays. | | | |I can’t help mentioning Easter, which is connected | | | |with the idea of spring & revival of nature. | | | |We exchange painted eggs, special cakes, & | | | |generally make merry. | | | |There are also our birthdays partieswe celebrate | | | |him or her with birthday, singing Happy birthday to| | | |you, present our gifts & have our family dinner. | | | |All holidays are nice, because people forget their | | | |worries for a while, & enjoy themselves. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |London. | | | |I haven’t been to London yet, & I’d like to visit | | | |this city very much, because I like the English | | | |language, & I’m curious to learn about everyday | | | |life of the people who speak this beautiful | | | |language, & just see sights. | | | |Here's what I know about this city so far. | | | |L is one of the greatest, most colourful & | | | |interesting cities of the world, & it tops the list| | | |of the cities I’d like to visit. | | | |I know a lot about itI have studied its map, seen| | | |a lot of postcard, talked to people who have been | | | |there. | | | |Sometimes I close my eyes & imagine I walk down | | | |Piccadilly, Regent or Oxford street, cross the | | | |Thames by London or Tower bridge, or knock on the | | | |door of #10 Downing street, just to say «Hi» to the| | | |Prime Minister. | | | |The city is really largemore than 8 million | | | |people live in the socalled Greater Lthat is, L| | | |& its suburbs. | | | |The oldest pert of L is the City, the financial & | | | |business centre of the country. | | | |The finest part of L is the West End with long | | | |streets of fine shops, theatres, picture galleries,| | | |restaurants, beautiful parks. | | | |St. James Park, Green Park, Kensington Gardens, & | | | |Hyde Park with its Speaker’s Corner where you can | | | |go up on a platform, & speak freely on the topic | | | |that you find vital. | | | |The East End is something quite different. | | | |It is the industrial part of L, there are factories| | | |& docks there, & blocks of flats where working | | | |people live. | | | |Naturally, L is a cultural, scientific, & | | | |industrial centre of the country, & it means that a| | | |lot of interesting things are taking place there | | | |all the time. | | | |It is rather pointless trying to describe all the | | | |beauties & sights of L. | | | |As they say, it’s better to see something once than| | | |to hear about it a thousand times. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TV. | | | |Watching TV is certainly the most popular adult | | | |leisure activity everywhere | | | |83% of our citizens asked in the survey say they | | | |watch TV at least once a month. | | | |Most people regard TV as a form of recreation, they| | | |just want to relax & get some thrills. | | | |And the best thing for this is home. | | | |TV offers a very diverse stream of information & | | | |entertainmentnews, documentaries, cartoons, | | | |movies, sports, games. | | | |Some people spend hours watching everything that is| | | |shown. | | | |I am not a TV addict, I prefer radio, because you | | | |can do something & listen to it at the same time. | | | |Mostly it’s music, which helps up to keep a good | | | |spirits, the latest news & some useful information.| | | | | | | |But what I like best is a good intelligent book. | | | |Someone said that reading to the mind is what | | | |exercise is to the body. | | | |Books cannot be replaced by all the mass media in | | | |the world. | | | |Reading is a perfect combination of business & | | | |pleasure, of intellectual work & entertainment. | | | |So, I switch off TV & open a book. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Cinema. | | | |Cinema is the favourite & most widespread form of | | | |entertainment both for children & adults. | | | |Everyone finds smth that satisfies one’s tastes. | | | |The viewers are transported to the screen, & take | | | |part in the action, performing the most | | | |extraordinary deeds that they would never do in | | | |real life. | | | |People.identify themselves with the characters, & | | | |they worship the movie stars, whom they want to | | | |imitate. | | | |There are films that are real works of art. | | | |They require some thoughtful viewing. | | | |When I want to go to the cinema I usually see the | | | |programme what films are on. | | | |Then I phone my friends & we discuss what films to | | | |see. | | | |I prefer feature films but also enjoy cartoons & | | | |popular science films. | | | |To see a good love story, musical or detective film| | | |is a very pleasant way of spending free time. | | | |The last film I saw was the screen version of the | | | |novel Gone with the windby M.Mitchel. | | | |It's an old film, but still it enjoys great | | | |popularity. | | | |The cast is led by great actress Vivien Leugh. | | | |I was deeply impressed by acting & the film itself.| | | | | | | |It hasn’t lost its visual splender by the passage | | | |of time. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Books | | | |People get a kick out of doing most extraordinary | | | |things. | | | |I can’t say that I am really mad about this or that| | | |kind of leisure activity. | | | |But if I were asked about my or our family hobby I | | | |would name reading. | | | |In modern society books became overshadowed by | | | |cinema, TV, video as entertainment ,& by computers| | | |as a source of information. | | | |Of course, computers offer a much more perfect & | | | |economical way jf storing & retrieving data. | | | |But the artistic value of books is undeniable. | | | |Only by reading can a person learn to think, to | | | |feel, to behave as a human being. | | | |I enjoy reading all kinds of bookshistorical | | | |novels, travelogues, biographies, novels, science | | | |fiction, detective stories, poetry, etc. | | | |If I were to name my favourite genre or writer, it | | | |would be hard for me to do, but in American | | | |literature I would single out M.Mitchel. | | | |Her novel Gone with the windis so human, so | | | |touching, informative, touching & poetic. | | | |11. In fact, it’s one of the greatest books about | | | |love. | | | |12. Someone said that reading to the mind is what | | | |exercise to the body. | | | |13. Books cant’t be replaced by all the mass media | | | |in the world. | | | |14. So, I switch off TV, radio, my computer & open | | | |a book. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Outstanding Scientist. | | | | | | | |Russia gave birth to many wonderful people, who | | | |made great contributions to all fields of human | | | |activity. | | | |As for me, I think one of the greatest man, | | | |scientistwas A. Sakharov. | | | |He could teach & inspire. | | | |His influence was consisting & increasing at the | | | |time of his untimely death. | | | |Sakharov received the honour & glory of his country| | | |for his outstanding work in physics which led to | | | |the Soviet hydrogen bomb. | | | |When he saw abuse of power he fought the | | | |authorities who had recently honoured him. | | | |He was treated with unbelievable indignity & | | | |cruelty. | | | |A.Sakharov set a standard for the modern hero. | | | |Few will achieve his level, but many will fight | | | |injustice because of his example. | | | |He risked not only his career but physical harm by | | | |speaking out when too many others were silent. | | | |His life was a feat, his death, a soldier’s death, | | | |was symbolic. | | | |So, I consider him one of the best representatives | | | |of humankind. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Protection of environment. | | | |People have been polluting their environment since | | | |time immemorial. | | | |Toxic chemical waste, nuclear waste, deforestation,| | | |greenhouse effect, thoughtless exploitation of | | | |natural resourcesall this has brought mankind to | | | |the age of abyss. | | | |The Earth can be saved only by united efforts of | | | |major industrial powers. | | | |A lot has been done & is being done in this | | | |respect. | | | |You can see the mark Ozonefriendly on most | | | |aerosol cans. | | | |But the hole in the ozone layer keeps on growing. | | | |The whales are still being killed in spite of the | | | |protest actions of Greenpeace. | | | |I personally think that solution is in safety | | | |precautions. | | | |Such as installing hitech purification systems & | | | |waste free production methods. | | | |On the other hand the most of Western countries are| | | |overproducing. | | | |Production & consumption should be balanced. | | | |That is my point of view. | | | |Besides, people should be conscious of their | | | |environment. | | | |Just don’t litter, & that already will be a step | | | |towards protecting the environment. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |My friend. | | | | | | | |I've got a lot of friends, but my best friend is | | | |Paul. | | | |He is 18, he has an oval face, straight nose, blue | | | |eyes & attractive smile. | | | |So people find him goodlooking. | | | |Paul is particularly known for his warm & friendly | | | |character. | | | |Whenever a friend is in trouble he never fails to | | | |help. | | | |He is always openminded &interested in other | | | |people. | | | |The only thing I don’t like about P is that he | | | |smokes. | | | |But he is a person of a strong character & I’m sure| | | |he will get rid of this bad habit. | | | |In general my friend is an interesting person. | | | |He is wellread, he is fond of music, he plays | | | |basketball & football well. | | | |Paul has a great sense of humour & I like to spend | | | |time with him. | | | |It's impossible to be depressed with him around. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |My pets. | | | |People get a kick out of doing most extraordinary | | | |things. | | | |I'm lucky to have a cat called Duysya. | | | |It's a hecat. | | | |He is 2 years old, but is as playful & energetic as| | | |a kitten. | | | |He takes part in our family activities & is good to| | | |have around, generally. | | | |On Sundays our family takes 30 minutes drive to our| | | |dacha in the country. | | | |In fact, it’s just a small cottage on a small plot | | | |of land, but there is my frienddog Romka. | | | |He is a big Caucas dog. | | | |He guards the house from the burglars. | | | |I forgot to mention that my grandparents live | | | |there. | | | |They are on pension now & live in the country the | | | |whole year. | | | |They keep a lot of animalsa cow, a calf, one | | | |sheep, 2 lambs, & a dozen of hens with the cock. | | | |I like them all, like to watch for their behavior- | | | |they are very funny. | | | |The only thing that troubles me is the fact that we| | | |need to collect hay for them. | | | |It's not an easy thing, it’s a very hard work. | | | |But if you visit Banya in the evening you will feel| | | |as fit as a fiddle. | | | |So I’m looking forward for summer, for holidays. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Russia. Moscow. | | | |We are lining in a rapidly changing, multinational | | | |& multicultural world. | | | |But one thing remains basic & dear to my heart — my| | | |homeland, Russia. | | | |No one can deny that it is a great country with its| | | |area of about 17 million square km, & population of| | | |150 million people. | | | |It is washed by the seas of Arctic & Pacific | | | |Oceans. | | | |It has a lot of natural resources, such as coal, | | | |gas, great forests, rivers, it has everything. | | | |There are many branches of industry in Russia- | | | |machinebuilding, steel production, chemical & | | | |electronic industries & others. | | | |Unfortunately, is in a rather poor state, we have | | | |to import food stuffs, even wheat. | | | |The cultural heritage is rich & varied. | | | |The names of Tolstoy, Dostoeyevsky, Tchaikovsky are| | | |known all over the world. | | | |The capital of Russia is Moscow. | | | |It is dear to the hearts of all our citizens. | | | |It is rather pointless trying to describe all the | | | |beauties & sights of Moscow. | | | |But what I like most about this city is the pulse | | | |of life, of change, of movement. | | | |Moscow is the place where thing are happening in | | | |all spheres of human activityit’s the heard of | | | |Russia, full of energy. | | | |I'm proud of my country, I love Russia my | | | |Motherland, & will do the best I can to improve its| | | |economic & political situation. | | | |, | | |.